Перинатальные аспекты формирования иммунного статуса ребенка
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15574/PP.2017.69.95Ключевые слова:
Иммункулус, IgG и IgM, аутоантитела, эпигенетический иммунный импринтинг, HSP60Аннотация
Цель — обобщены литературные материалы за последние 30 лет о современных представлениях относительно иммунологических аспектов в формировании и функционировании системы «мать—плацента—плод»; уделить особое внимание формированию иммунной системы плода (Иммункулус) в зависимости от материнской иммунной нагрузки.
Пациенты и методы. Приведены результаты обследования 19 рожениц и кордовой крови их новорожденных детей в зависимости от срока беременности. Определено содержание в крови антител классов IgG и IgM. В качестве антигена использован HSP60 человека.
Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о формировании иммунного статуса плода при беременности за счет материнских антигенов, включая IgG. Под их влиянием плод формирует аутоантитела класса IgM для быстрой презентации и распознавания антигенов внешней среды.
Выводы. Высказано предположение про возможный механизм возникновения преждевременных родов.
Ключевые слова: Иммункулус, IgG и IgM, аутоантитела, эпигенетический иммунный импринтинг, HSP60.
Библиографические ссылки
Paltsev MA, Poletaev AB, Suchkov SV. 2010. Autoimmunitet i autoimmunyiy sindrom: granitsyi normyi i patologii. Moskovskaya meditsinskaya akademiya im IM Sechenova Roszdrava. Vestnik Rossiyskoy AMN. 8.
Poletaev AB. 2008. Immunofiziologiya i immunopatologiya. Moskva, MIA: 208.
Poletaev AB. 2002. Immunologicheskiy gomunkulus (immunkulus) v norme i patologii. Biohimiya. 67(5): 721—731.
Poletaev AB. 2011. Novyie podhodyi v rannem vyiyavlenii patologicheskih izmeneniy v organizme cheloveka (immunohimicheskiy skrining kak osnova strategii perehoda ot lechebnoy k preventivnoy meditsine). Metod ruk-vo dlya vrachey. 2-e izd. Moskva, MITs Immunkulus: 64.
Poletaev AB. 2006. Ocherki klinicheskoy immunologii. Moskva, MIA.
Simister NE, Story CM, Chen HL, Hunt JS, Borghesi J et al. 1996. An IgG Transporting Fc Receptor Expressed. Syncytiotrophoblast of Human Placenta. European Journal of Immunology. 26: 1527—1531. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830260718.
Lacroix-Desmazes S, Mouthon L, Coutinho A. 1995. Kazatchkine Analysis of the natural human IgG antibody repertoire: life-long stability of reactivities towards self antigens contrasts with age-dependent diversification of reactivities against bacterial antigens. Eur J Immunol. 25(9): 2598604. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830250929.
Audus KL. 1999. Controlling Drug Delivery across the Placenta. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 8: 161—165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-0987(99)00031-7.
Avrames S, Termynck T. 1993. Monoclonal IgG and autoantibodies obtained after polyclonal activation, show reactivities similar to those of polyclonal natural autoantibodies. Mol Immunol. 30: 119—127. https://doi.org/10.1016/0161-5890(93)90083-N
Tian Q, Beardall M, Xu Y et al. 2006. B cells expressing a natural polyreactive autoantibody have a distinct phenotype and are overrepresented in immunoglobulin heavy chain transgenic mice. J Immunol. 177(4): 2412-22. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.4.2412.
Barabasi AL. 2003. How Everything is Connected to Everything Else and What it Means for Business. Science and Everyday Life, Perseus Publishing.
Borges JC, Ramos CH. 2005. Protein folding assisted by chaperones. Protein Pept Lett. 12: 257—261. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929866053587165; PMid:15777275
Boyd JD, Hamilton WJ. 1970. The Human Placenta. Cambridge, Heffer & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-02807-8
Cappello F, Macario E, Di Felice V et al. 2009. Chlamydyatrachomatis infection and anti-Hsp60 immunity: the two sides of the coin. Plos Pathogens. 5; 8: 1—9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000552; PMid:19714222 PMCid:PMC2726942
Flamini MA, Portiansky EL, Favaron PO et al. 2011. Chorioallantoic and Yolk Sac Placentation in the Plains Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus): A Caviomorph Rodent with Natural Polyovulation. Placenta. 32: 963—968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2011.09.002.
Oliveira MF, Mess A, Ambrosio CE et al. 2008. Chorioallantoic Placentation in Galea spixii (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Caviidae). Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 6: 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-6-39.
Pribylova J, Krausova K, Kocourkova I et al. 2012. Colostrum of Healthy Mothers Contains Broad Spectrum of Secretory IgA Autoantibodies. J Clin Immunol. 32: 1372—1380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-012-9733-9; PMid:22777159
Miglino MA, Franciolli ALR, Oliveira MF et al. 2008. Development of the Inverted Visceral Yolk Sac in Three Species of Caviids (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Caviidae). Placenta. 29: 748—752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2008.05.007; PMid:18586321
Oliveira MF, Vale AM, Favaron PO et al. 2012. Development of Yolk Sac Inversion in Galea spixii and Cavia porcellus (Rodentia, Caviidae). Placenta. 33: 878—881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2012.06.019.
Shah U, Dickinson BL, Blumberg RS et al. 2003. Distribution of the IgG Fc Receptor, FcRn, in the Human Fetal Intestine. Pediatric Research. 53: 295—301. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200302000-00015.
Saji F, Samejima Y, Kamiura S, Koyama M. 1999. Dynamics of Immunoglobulins at the Feto-Maternal Interface. Reviews of Reproduction. 4: 81—89. https://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0040081.
Simell B, Lahdenkari M, Reunanen A et al. 2008. Effects of ageing and gender on naturally acquired antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides and virulence-associated proteins. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 15(9): 1391—7. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00110-08.
Enders AC. 1965. A Comparative Study of the Fine Structure in Several Hemochorial Placentas. American Journal of Anatomy. 118: 29—67. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001160103.
Malek A, Sager R, Kuhn P et al. 1996. Evolution of Maternofetal Transport of Immunoglobulins during Human Pregnancy. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 36: 248—255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00172.x.
Israel EJ, Taylor S, Wu Z et al. 1997. Expression of the neonatal Fc Receptor, FcRn, on Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Immunology. 92: 69—74. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00326.x
Roopenian D, Akilesh S. 2007. FcRN: the Neonatal Fc Receptor Comes of. Nature Reviews Immunology. 7: 715—725. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2155.
Fujimura MD. 1991. Serum Levels of Immunoglobulin G Subclasses in Normal and Nephrotic Children. Ph.D. Dissertation. Sao Paulo: Universidade de Sao Paulo.
Gitlin D, Biasucci A. 1969. Development of the γG, γA, γM, βIC/βIA, C'l Esterase Inhibitor, Ceruloplasmin, Transferrin, Hemopexin, Haptoglobin, Fibrinogen, Plasminogen, α 1-Antitrypsin, Orosomucoid, β-Lipoprotein, α2- Macroglobulin and Prealbumin in the Human Conceptus. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 48: 1433—1446. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI106109.
Gitlin D, Boesman M. 1966. Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein, Albumin and Gamma-Globulin in the Human Conceptus. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 45: 1826—1838. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI105486.
Griffin DO, Holodick NE, Rothstein TL. 2011. Human B1 cells in umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood express the novel phenotype CD20+ CD27+ CD43+ CD70-. J Exp Med. 208(1): 67—80. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20101499.
Kanashiro C, Santos TC, Miglino MA et al. 2009. Growth and Development of the Placenta in the Capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris). Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 7(57). https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-7-57.
Makarenko MV, Govsieiev DO, Vorona RМ et al. 2016, June. Identification methods and charactestics of antibodies for HSP60 in pregnant women. IJPT. 8; Is 2: 14666—14673.
Adib M, Ragimbeau J, Avrameas S, Ternynck T. 1990. IgG autoantibody activity in normal mouse serum is controlled by IgM. J Immunol. 145(11): 3807—3813.
Baker K, Qiao SW, Kuo T et al. 2009. Immune and Non-Immune Functions of the (Not So) Neonatal Fc Receptor. FcRn. Seminars in Immunopathology. 31: 223—236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-009-0160-9.
Bachi AL, Suguri VM, Ramos LR et al. 2013. Increased production of autoantibodies and specific antibodies in response to influenza virus vaccination in physically active older individuals. Results Immunol. 3: 10-6. doi 10.1016/j.rinim.2013.01.001.
Leach JL, Sedmak DD, Osborne JM et al. 1996. Isolation from Human Placenta of the IgG Transporter, FcRn and Localization to the Syncytiotrophoblast. The Journal of Immunology. 157: 3317—3322.
Kane SV, Acquah LA. 2009. Placental Transport of Immunoglobulins: A Clinical Review for Gastroenterologists Who Prescribe Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Estowomen during Conception and Pregnancy. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 104: 228—233. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2008.71
Leiser R, Kaufmann P. 1994. Placental Structure: In a Comparative Aspect. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology. 102: 122—134. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211275.
Lemke H, Tanasa I. 2009. Benefits and burden of the maternally-mediated immunological imprinting. Autoimmunity Reviews. 8: 394—399.
Osterloh A, Stiegen M-F, Veit A et al. 2004. Lipopolysaccharide-free heat shock protein 60 activates T cells. J Biol Chem. 279: 47906—47911.
Malek A. 2003. Ex Vivo Human Placenta Models: Transport of Immunoglobulin G and Its Subclasses. Vaccine. 21: 3362—3364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00333-5.
Martin F, Kearney JF. 2000. Positive selection from newly formed to marginal zone B cells depends on the rate of clonal production, CD19, and btk. Immunity. 12(1): 39—49. doi 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80157-0.
Matzinger. 2002. The danger model: a renewed sence of self. Science. 296: 301—305.
Love SD, Lee W, Nakamura YC et al. 2000. Natural anti-carbohydrate IgM in mice: dependence on age and strain. J Immunol Methods. 246(1): 61-8. doi 10.1016/S0022-1759(00)00296-9.
Nagele EP, Han M, Acharya NK et al. 2013. Natural IgG autoantibodies are abundant and ubiquitous in human sera, and their number is influenced by age, gender, and disease. PLoS One. 8(4): e60726. doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0060726; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2008.05.007.
Nicoletti C, Yang X, Cerny J. 1993. Repertoire diversity of antibody response to bacterial antigens in aged mice. III. Phosphorylcholine antibody from young and aged mice differ in structure and protective activity against infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Immunol. 150(2): 543-549.
Madi A, Hecht I, Bransburg-Zabarya Sh et al. 2009. Organization of the autoantibody repertoire in healthy newborns and adults revealed by system level informatics of antigen microarray data. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106; 34: 14484—14489.
Favaron PO, Carter AM, Ambrosio CE et al. 2011. Placentation in Sigmodontinae: A Rodent Taxon Native to South America. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 9(55). https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-9-55.
Bonatelli M, Carter AM, Lima MC, Miglino MA. 2005. Placentation in the Paca (Agouti paca L). Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 3(9). https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-3-9.
Poletaev A, Osipenko L. 2003. General network of natural autoantibodies as Immunological Homunculus (Immunculus). Autoimmunity Review. 2(5): 264—271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1568-9972(03)00033-8
Hayakawa K, Asano M, Shinton SA et al. 1999. Positive selection of natural autoreactive B cells. Science. 285(5424): 113—6. doi 10.1126/science.285.5424.113.
Sidman CL, Shultz LD, Hardy RR et al. 1986, Jun 13. Production of immunoglobulin isotypes by Ly-1+ B cells in viable motheaten and normal mice. Science. 232(4756): 1423.
Ramsey EM. 1982. The Placenta-Human and Animal. New York, Praeger Publishers, CBS Educational and Professional Publishing.
Schelonka RL, Infante AF. 1998. Neonatal Immunology. Seminars in Perinatology. 22: 2—14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-0005(98)80003-7.
Solvason N, Lehuen A, Kearney JF. 1991, Jun. An embryonic source of Ly1 but not conventional B cells. Int Immunol. 3(6): 543—550.
Story CM, Mikulska JE, Simister NE. 1994. A Major Histocompatibility Class I-Like Fc Receptor Cloned from Human Placenta: Possible Role in Transfer of Immunoglobulin G from Mother to Fetus. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 180: 2377—2381. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.180.6.2377.
Avrameas S, Dighiero G, Lymberi P et al. 1983. Studies on natural antibodies and autoantibodies. Ann Immunol (Paris). D134(1): 103—113.
Takizawa T, Anderson CL, Robinson JM. 2005. A Novel Fc-γR-Defined, IgG-Containing Organelle in Placental Endothelium. Journal of Immunology. 175: 2331—2339. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2331.
Madi А, Bransburg-Zabary Sh, Kenett DY et al. 2012. The natural autoantibody repertoire in newborns and adults: A current overview. Chapter 15. Naturally Occurring Antibodies (NAbs). Ed by HU Lutz. Landes Biosci. & Springer Sci.+Business Media Publ: 198—212.
Trundley A, Moffett A. 2004. Human Uterine Leukocytes and Pregnancy. Tissue Antigens. 63: 1—12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00170.x.
Vanderbeeken Y, Sarfati M, Bose R. 1985. Am J Reproduction Immunol Microbiol. 8(2): 39-42.
Zaichik ASh, Churilov LP, Utekhin VJ. 2008. Autoimmune regulation of genetically determined cell functions in health and disease. Pathophysiology. 15(3): 191—207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2008.07.002; PMid:18760573
